Study guide answers
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- 12/12/2008
Biology
1st Semester Study Guide
What is science?
Science is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world.
What is Biology?
The study of living things.
What is the goal of science?
Is to investigate and understand nature, to explain events in nature, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.
What makes science different from other subjects?
Science deals with the natural world, scientists collect and organize information in a careful, orderly way, and scientists propose explanations that can be tested by examining evidence.
What makes something living?
has cells, contains DNA, maintains internal balance, grows and develops, obtains material and nutrients, responds to the environment, reproduces, and as a group, changes over time
What is the first step of the scientific method?
to make observations
Give an example of data.
descriptions, measurements
What is a hypothesis?
an educated guess
How do you come up with a hypothesis?
Hypothesis arise from prior knowledge, logical inferences, or imaginative guesses.
What must a hypothesis be able to do?
it must be testable
What is a controlled experiment?
when a hypothesis is tested by an experiment in which one variable is changed at a time
What is a theory?
a well-tested explanation with a range of observations
What is the difference between an theory and a hypothesis?
a hypothesis may become a theory with enough evidence
After an experiment is completed, what do you do?
You analyze the results, draw a conclusion and state if you proved your hypothesis correct or not.
Why should scientist share their results?
to allow other scientists to check their work, utilize the information and to test the experiment themselves
Are all experiments done in the lab?
no, some are done outside or is done as field work
What is homeostasis?
keeping internal balance
What are the types of reproduction?
asexual and sexual
How does an animal in the wild respond to its environment?
bears hibernate, plants move toward the sun, animals may move to an environment that they like better
What is a unicellular organism?
an organism with only one cell
How are the cells of a unicellular organism different from a multicellular organism?
a multicellular organism will have cells that are specialized
What are the levels of biology that can be studied? Give an example of each.
molecules: water cells: red blood cells tissues: connective organ: brain system: reproductive organism: birds population: birds in the valley community: life in the valley ecosystem: rain forest biosphere: everything that sustains life on earth
What is the smallest level?
molecules
What is the most complex level?
biosphere
What type of measurement is used in science? Why?
SI (metric), so everyone world-wide can understand
How can you organize your data from an experiment?
in a chart, graph, pie chart, table
What are the different types of microscopes?
compound light microscope
scanning electron microscope
transmission electron microscope
What type of microscope has a 2-D image? compound light & transmission electron 3-D image? scanning electron microscope
What type of microscope uses a light?
compound light microscope
What type do we use in class?
compound light microscope
Know the safety rules.
What is the basic unit of matter?
Atom
How many particles make up an atom? What are they?
3, protons, neutrons, electrons
What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
protons and neutrons
What particle are found surrounding the nucleus?
electrons
What charge is given to each of the particles in an atom?
protons (+), neutrons (none), electrons (-)
When an atom loses or gains an electron, what is it called?
ion
When two atoms of the same element have a different number of neutrons, what are they called?
isotope
What is the atomic mass?
the number of protons
What is the atomic number?
the number of protons and neutrons
An atom becomes positive or negative when it loses an electron?
positive
An atom becomes positive or negative when it gains an electron?
negative
What is formed when two or more elements of combined?
molecule
What type of bond is formed from the sharing of electrons?
covalent
What type of bond is formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons?
double covalent
What type of bond is formed when there is a transfer of electrons?
ionic
What type of electrons are able to form bonds?
valence
What is the most abundant compound in living things?
water
What makes a water molecule polar?
the uneven distribution of electrons
What is the chemical formula for water?
H2O
What is it called when molecule are attracted to themselves?
cohesion
What is it called when molecules are attracted to other types of molecules?
adhesion
What is a mixture?
when two or more elements are physically mixed together
What is a solution?
When making Kool-Aid, what is the solvent?
When making Kool-Aid, what is the solute?
What is the difference between a solution and a suspension?
What does the pH scale determine?
What is the range for an acid?
What is the range for a base?
What makes something a neutral?
What makes something an acid?
What makes something a base?
What is a buffer?
What are the four main organic compounds in living things?
What makes something organic?
What does a carbohydrate do?
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
What is the polymer of a carbohydrate?
What is a simple sugar?
What is a starch?
What do plants use carbohydrates for?
What do lipids do?
What is the body's second energy source?
What are the parts of a lipid?
What are the functions of a protein?
What is the monomer of a protein?
What is the polymer of a protein?
What does a nucleic acid do?
What are some examples of nucleic acids?
Where can you find nucleic acids?
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid called?
How are polymers made?
What does an enzyme do?
What goes into a chemical reaction?
What do you get at the end of a chemical reaction?
What is activation energy?
Who was the first person to look at a cell?
What did he look at?
How invented the microscope?
What are the three parts to the cell theory?
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What do prokaryotes lack?
What do all cells have?
What type of cells do plants have? Bacteria? Animals?
What is found in the cytoplasm?
Is the nucleus part of the cytoplasm?
What surrounds the nucleus?
What is it's function?
What are the functions of a nucleus?
What is found in the nucleus?
What is DNA?
What does DNA code for?
What is chromatin? Where is it found?
What is chromatin wound up called?
What is the nucleolus? Where is it found?
What surrounds the nucleus?
What is the cytoskeleton made up of?
What are some functions of the cytoskeleton?
Which organelle produces ATP?
What is ATP?
Which organelle converts chemical energy into cellular energy?
Which organelle is found only in plant cells and not in animal cells?
What is it's function?
What does a vacuole do?
How is the role of a vacuole different in plant cells versus animal cells?
What is the function of a lysosome?
What do ribosomes make?
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ?
What are their functions?
What is the golgi apparatus (complex, body) ?
How is a protein made?
How do substance move throughout the cell?
What is the function of a cell membrane?
What makes up a cell membrane?
What is the double layered cell membrane called?
What is concentration?
What is diffusion?
When equilibrium reached?
What is the diffusion of water called?
What are some examples of passive transport?
What are some examples of active transport?
What is needed for active transport?
When a large molecule can not pass through the cell membrane, what will it use for help?
What is the type of transport?
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
When you put a cell in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?
When you put a cell in a hypotonic solution, what will happen to the cell?
When you put a cell in a isotonic solution, what will happen to the cell?
What is it called when a cell "eats" a substance?
What is it called when a cell "spits" out a substance?
What is it called when a cell "eats" a large substance?
What is cell specialization?
Why are cells specialized?
What are the levels of organization of a multicellular organism? List in order of complexity.
Give an example of each?
What connects two sister chromatids?
Why can't a cell get extremely large?
What is the relationship between the surface tension and volume of a cell as it increases in size?
What is the purpose of the cell cycle?
The cell cycle is divided into two parts, what are they?
What is the function of interphase?
What are the phases of interphase and what happens in each?
What happens in cell division?
What are the phases of the M phase and what happens in each?
What is the division of the nucleus called?
What is the division of the cytoplasm called?
What do you get at the end of cell division?
How are sex cells made?
How does bacteria divide?